MASA DEPAN PERAMPASAN ASET TINDAK PIDANA DI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN KONTRUKSI HUKUM NON-CONVICTION BASED ASSET FORFEITURE

Abstract

Abstract

This research aims to determine the legal construction of Non-Conviction Based Asset Confiscation in the Criminal Asset Confiscation Bill in Indonesia. Besides that, it also examines the Best Practice of Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture as a concept for confiscation of criminal assets in several countries as well as prospective policies for implementing Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture in Confiscation of Criminal Assets in Indonesia. This research was conducted through a statutory approach, a Conceptual Approach and a Comparative Approach. The results of the research show that the Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture legal construction in the Criminal Asset Confiscation Bill in Indonesia is a new regulatory construction that allows the return of assets resulting from criminal acts without punishment in criminal courts. With this mechanism, there is an opportunity for the state to confiscate all assets that are suspected to be the proceeds of criminal acts and other assets that are suspected to be used or have been used as instruments (instrumentalities) for committing criminal acts. Best Practices for Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture are currently only being implemented in common law states. The challenge of implementing non-conviction-based asset confiscation in the application of criminal assets in Indonesia must be in harmony and harmony with Human Rights. Based on this, the Asset Confiscation Bill must be enriched and updated, namely by studying the application of assets in civil law countries. Criminal asset confiscation must be carried out carefully and the Criminal Asset Confiscation Bill must regulate certain criminal acts.

Keywords : Legal Construction, Asset Confiscation, Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui kontruksi hukum Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture dalam RUU Perampasan Aset Tindak Pidana di Indonesia. Selain itu juga mengkaji Best Practice  Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture sebagai konsep perampasan aset tindak pidana di beberapa Negara serta prospektif tantangan penerapan Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture dalam Perampasan Aset Tindak Pidana di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan (Statute approach), pendekatan konsep (Conceptual approach), dan pendekatan perbandingan (Comparative approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, kontruksi hukum Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture dalam RUU Perampasan Aset Tindak Pidana di Indonesia adalah suatu kontruksi pengaturan baru yang memungkinkan dilakukannya pengembalian aset hasil tindak pidana tanpa putusan pengadilan dalam perkara pidana. Dengan mekanisme ini, terbuka kesempatan bagi negara untuk merampas segala aset yang diduga merupakan hasil tindak pidana (proceed of crimes) dan aset-aset lain yang patut diduga akan digunakan atau telah digunakan sebagai sarana (instrumentalities) untuk melakukan tindak pidana. Best Practice Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture saat ini baru dikaji di negara-negara common law. Tantangan penerapan non-conviction based asset forfeiture dalam perampasan aset tindak pidana di Indonesia harus selaras dan harmonis dengan Hak Asasi Manusia. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka RUU Perampasan Aset harus diperkaya dan diperbarui yaitu dengan kajian-kajian pemberlakuan perampasan aset di negara-negra civil law, Perampasan aset tindak pidana harus dilakukan secara cermat dan RUU perampasan aset tindak pidana harus mengatur tindak pidana tertentu.

Kata Kunci : Kontruksi Hukum, Perampasan Aset, Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture.